Lancan, “the mirror stage” speaks upon the growth of a child and how they start to interpret and understand things. The mirror stage is that when a child approaches a mirror, they then see their reflection. A bit confused because they’ve never actually seen themselves and they are now fascinated. The start to understand and physically see that they have control over their body, they will then see that their actually able to move their body parts. The many thoughts that run through this baby’s head is what forms their confidence and conscious. When reading this I automatically compared it to Piagets theory. She explained that the steps of a child’s growth has to do with the changes in their behavior and the cognitive process. A child’s actions is tied in with their understanding and observations. Child development has to do with nature and human intelligence. They start to build their knowledge from early without even knowing it. Not only does a mirror help development but also objects, the texture, colors and shape.

As Johnson reads the plot of BB against the grain: that is, as if Claggart were right and Billy were guilty of this willfully mutiny. In my opinion the point of this is to get the readers mind running. Basically having us make assumptions on who did what based off of what occurred at the scene and prior to that. From what I’ve read claggart happens to be playful and he hides his messages behind his playfulness. On the other hand billy stutters,  he has anxiety and it happens to be comical to others and he gets into “petty trouble”. As I continued to read things are said about BB that makes is possible to assume that he did kill Claggart. It was also stated that “Billy Bud kills because he cannot speak”, there’s a few issues billy dealt with such as his anxiety and stuttering issue that was provoke and could’ve led to him killing Claggart. Those few things said above about billy bud makes it equally defensible for him to mutinly kill Claggart. Along with it being said that nothing is truly known about Claggart’s origins, to me it’s a bit confusing and somewhat a battle because all the blame is on Billy bud yet nothing of claggart is known.

 Jakobson introduced himself and his studies of language, he mentioned linguistics and poetics along with metaphor and metonymy. He traveled around and studied the shaping of anthropology, philosophy and psychoanalysis. Jakobson also cofound the linguistics circle of New York. There’s verbal behavior and verbal structure which is tied into language. When I thought of the different aspects of language all I really thought about was body language, tone, mood, the way you’re getting your message across such as in person, phone calls or texting. One thing I didn’t think of was “the foundation” which he mentioned is basically past, present and future. The example he gave which helped my understanding was “drink & drank”. The way you use those two words in a sentence has to do with the time you’re speaking about. There are six factors involved with verbal communication. Referential, emotive, poetic, conative, phatic and metalingual. These six features help the understanding of how to speak and digest/ process language and all of there aspects. Emotive is having to do with personality and it emphasizes on the “I” the person speaking, first person. Conative focuses on the “you’re”, second person. Referential which is third person and what’s being said is all facts. Phatic is speaking and focusing upon a certain topic. Metalingual is spending time on a conversation and saying something that will lead the conversation to be extended. Lastly poetic which is learning about the who what where and when. This aspect uses tension and is a strategic use of language that can express the message differently. We were also introduced to the addresser, addressee and context which also is intertwined into the six aspects listed above. Emotive is the addresser and conative is the addressee. When first reading the text I was a bit confused because I didn’t fully understand what these aspects did but after class discussion I got a better understanding that these aspects do make language more meaningful. In my perspectives tone plays a big role and I think he should have included that as a whole, messages can be misread or misunderstood based on the emotive. I say emotive because your personality has a lot to do with the way you give or understand a message. I guess we can say that without these aspects there would be no meaning or emotion behind a certain message and without that we wouldn’t know how to feel, react or respond to certain messages.

Nietzche pointed out many things that stood out but one things that stood out the most to me was “two classes” where it was discussed that there were property owners or property less workers. In my opinion property brought along a major issue where people were mistreated such as people who worked extremely hard and yet didn’t own property. There was no evolvement, working and owning property is to benefit and help the economy grow. Workers were losing reality, people worked a lot and yet saw no profit and yet the production increased in power and range. Nietzche pointed out that when you work so hard your life isn’t your life anymore. That job you are doing then starts to own your life and control how you live. To create, work and live, it is dependent on something else. For example, some people can’t live unless their working and some people can’t create things unless they have an idea. “Labour means life” & “become a slave of his object” (pg 766) in a sort of sense that means that you have to work and if you are working you are making your whole life revolve around it. The man is putting more effort into the object along with more time and value and your giving yourself less of that and degrading those categories on you as a person. To me so far nietzche is trying to explain that you’ll come to realization that when putting your all into work and labour you start to lose yourself. The only thing you’ll actually want to do is work on that specific something or object. It’s becomes mentally and physically draining and you realize and think to yourself “is this benefiting me?”. You work and work and you aren’t growing but the economy will start too and you are left there without property. Workers work in conditions that disturb their life. Going on to page 770, I understood that society happens to follow various orders. What automatically popped in my head was “monkey see monkey do” something my parents always said to me. Don’t follow what others do, be yourself. Along with “social rank”, I believe that’s why workers were slaved to do more then they should and property owners didn’t do much. Over time the economy started to grow way more. There were Chinese markets and trade, development started. Markets grew rapidly and there was never enough, always space for more and more. There was commerce, people bought things and sold it back for profit, something we still do now. These few pages spoke a lot on how truth and lying was occurring in economy and affected the growth. Within time I’d believe the truth came out and people started to make change to better themselves and their society.